In 2025, Canada is experiencing its second-worst wildfire season on record. Over 7.3 million hectares of land have burned, causing severe air quality issues across the country and beyond. The smoke from these fires has spread to the United States and even reached parts of Europe.

What Are Wildfires and Why Are They Happening?

Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that spread quickly, fueled by dry vegetation and strong winds. This year, the fires have been particularly intense due to higher temperatures and drier conditions, which are linked to climate change.

How Do Wildfires Affect Air Quality?

When trees and plants burn, they release tiny particles called PM2.5 into the air. These particles are so small that they can enter our lungs and bloodstream, causing health problems. In 2023, smoke from Canadian wildfires led to over 87,000 premature deaths worldwide, with 4,100 in the U.S. and 1,300 in Canada.

Who Is Most at Risk?

Certain groups of people are more likely to be affected by poor air quality:

Children and older adults

People with heart or lung conditions

Pregnant individuals

Those who live, work, or exercise outdoors

These individuals should take extra precautions when air quality is poor.

What Can You Do to Protect Yourself?

Here are some simple steps to reduce exposure to wildfire smoke:

Stay Indoors: Limit outdoor activities, especially strenuous ones.

Keep Windows Closed: Use air conditioning if available.

Use Air Purifiers: Portable HEPA filters can help clean indoor air.

Wear Masks: N95 or KN95 masks can filter out harmful particles.

Monitor Air Quality: Check local air quality reports regularly.

What Are Governments Doing?

Authorities are issuing air quality alerts and providing guidance to the public. In areas with poor air quality, they recommend staying indoors and reducing physical activity. Public health agencies are also working to improve air quality monitoring and response systems.

Looking Ahead

Experts warn that wildfires may become more frequent and intense due to climate change. It's important for communities to prepare for future wildfire seasons by improving infrastructure, increasing public awareness, and taking steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.