Pope Leo XIV paid a poignant visit to the historic Sanctuary of Mama Muxima in Angola, a site deeply connected to the legacy of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, promoting messages of healing, justice, and hope throughout his African journey.
Constructed in the late 16th century by Portuguese settlers as part of a fort, this sanctuary has evolved into a significant place where enslaved Africans were baptized prior to their harrowing 100-kilometre trek to Luanda’s ports, which saw millions sent to the Americas.
Historians estimate that Angola served as one of the largest sources in history, with over 5 million enslaved individuals shipped during the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Inside the church, the Pope prayed the Rosary and addressed thousands of gathered followers, speaking of the “sorrow and great suffering” faced by past generations. He urged the need for a better, more just world free from war, injustice, and poverty.
This visit carries substantial symbolic weight, particularly given the Vatican's recent acknowledgment of colonial-era injustices. In 2023, the Holy See formally denounced the “Doctrine of Discovery,” historically used to justify colonialism.
Scholars emphasize the Muxima shrine's dual role as a symbol of faith and a reminder of painful histories. Religious historian Christopher J. Kellerman highlighted that papal edicts from the 15th century contributed to the enslavement of non-Christians, creating a legacy of exploitation.
Interestingly, genealogical studies indicate that Pope Leo XIV may have ancestral ties to both enslaved individuals and slaveholders in the United States, shedding light on the complex ramifications of slavery.
His visit is part of an 11-day apostolic journey throughout Africa, where he has been focusing on themes of reconciliation, social justice, and the empowerment of religious communities.
For countless African Catholics, this moment is an opportunity for introspection and healing—recognizing their history while aspiring towards a more inclusive future.
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